RESUMO Há um potencial reconhecido para parcerias entre instituições com poucos e muitos recursos dentro dos sistemas de saúde para melhorar os resultados de hematologia e oncologia pediátricas. A iniciativa SickKids no Caribe é uma parceria entre profissionais de saúde do Hospital for Sick Children em Toronto, Canadá, e sete instituições em seis países do Caribe (Bahamas, Barbados, Jamaica, Santa Lúcia, São Vicente e Granadinas e Trinidad e Tobago). O objetivo principal da iniciativa SickKids no Caribe tem sido melhorar os desfechos e a qualidade de vida das crianças caribenhas com menos de 18 anos que têm câncer e doenças hematológicas. Este artigo descreve cinco atividades principais realizadas no âmbito da iniciativa SickKids no Caribe: oferecimento de educação e capacitação; assistência em consultas de casos e serviços diagnósticos; desenvolvimento de bancos de dados locais em oncologia; promoção da causa, assegurando o envolvimento das partes interessadas; e coordenação da administração e da gestão de projetos.

RESUMEN Las colaboraciones de instituciones de recursos bajos y altos dentro de los sistemas de atención de salud tienen un potencial reconocido para mejorar las respuestas a los tratamientos hematológicos y oncológicos pediátricos. La iniciativa SickKids para el Caribe es una asociación entre profesionales de la salud del Hospital for Sick Children de Toronto (Canadá) y siete instituciones de seis países del Caribe (Bahamas, Barbados, Jamaica, Santa Lucía, San Vicente y las Granadinas y Trinidad y Tabago). El objetivo principal de la iniciativa SickKids para el Caribe ha sido mejorar la respuesta a los tratamientos y la calidad de vida de los menores de 18 años del Caribe con cáncer o trastornos hematológicos. En este artículo se describen cinco actividades clave emprendidas en el marco de la iniciativa SickKids para el Caribe, consistentes en impartir formación y capacitación, prestar asistencia en materia de consultas de pacientes y servicios de diagnóstico, crear bases de datos locales en el área de la oncología, participar en actividades de promoción y garantizar la participación de las partes interesadas, y coordinar la administración y gestión de proyectos.

ABSTRACT To improve pediatric hematology and oncology outcomes, there is a recognized potential for partnerships between low- and high-resource institutions within health care systems. The SickKids Caribbean Initiative is a partnership between health care professionals at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, and seven Caribbean institutions across six countries (Bahamas, Barbados, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago). The primary aim of the SickKids Caribbean Initiative has been to improve the outcomes and the quality of life of children in the Caribbean aged <18 years who have cancer and blood disorders. This article describes five key activities undertaken within the SickKids Caribbean Initiative, including providing education and training, assisting with case consultations and diagnostic services, developing local oncology databases, engaging in advocacy and ensuring stakeholder engagement, and coordinating administration and project management.

Abstract The Paspalum genus has potential for further genetic improvement because of its adaptability to different ecosystems and production of high yields for grazing livestock. We estimate the genetic parameters of 195 intraspecific P. notatum hybrids using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML), followed by selection based on Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) through multivariate analysis. The intraspecific hybrids studied showed considerable genetic variability in the evaluated forage traits, displaying their potential for progression in subsequent stages of the genetic improvement program. Notably, plant height emerged as an important trait for indirect selection to enhance forage production. The use of the REML/BLUP procedure proves to be a robust tool for data analysis, particularly for perennial species. Furthermore, multivariate analysis based on BLUPs should be used in the selection process within breeding programs. Based on the BLUP values, hybrids D3, D16, C17, C2 and B17 were identified as superior for forage production, and they hold promise for future breeding programs for future breeding initiatives aimed at direct selection to improve yield.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the repeatability of the expression of forage characters in intraspecific hybrids of Paspalum notatum Flügge to aid early selection. Across five harvests, plant height, tiller population density, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, inflorescence dry matter, total dry matter, and growth habit were quantified for five parents, 189 hybrids, and a commercially available cultivar as a control (n = 195). Analysis of variance, principal components analysis, and structural analysis methods were used to determine the repeatability coefficients. The repeatability coefficients ( ρ ^) for all evaluated characteristics generated by the different methods were between 0.05 (ANOVA II) and 0.95 (PCACov). For most of the characteristics studied, repeatability coefficients and determination coefficients were considered high. The repeatability coefficients estimates obtained for the eight characteristics evaluated with the ANOVA I and II methods were almost always lower than those obtained by PCA and structural analysis methods. Based on the covariance matrix, the principal component method generated higher estimates than those produced by ANOVA or structural analysis. Assuming a minimum 80% reliability to verify the relative superiority of the hybrids across all assessed traits, the five harvests proved adequate for selecting the optimal plant materials to advance to the next phase of the breeding program. However, reliable early selection for leaf dry matter, leaf:stem ratio, and total dry matter required a minimum of two harvests. The genetic parameters (h2 and CVg) showed a favorable scenario for direct selection to increase forage production.

BACKGROUND: Geriatric injuries comprise a significant burden in the developed world but much less are known in the developing world setting. This study aims to review our experience of geriatric injuries with a focus on interpersonal violence (IPV) managed at a major trauma centre in South Africa. METHODS: This was a retrospective study on all patients who were aged > 65 years admitted to our trauma centre from January 2013 to December 2020, based in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. RESULTS: Over the 8-year study period, 323 cases were included (62% male, mean age 72 years). Mechanism of injury: 80% blunt, 16% penetrating and 4% others. The median injury severity score (ISS) was 9. The median Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) for all 323 cases was 3. Diabetes (n = 53) was the most prevalent comorbidity which was followed by pulmonary disease (n = 23), cerebral vascular accidents (n = 16) and myocardial infarction (n = 15). Fifteen patients were on antiretroviral therapy (5%). Twenty-four per cent required surgical intervention. Eight per cent of cases experienced one or more complications. Twenty-five per cent (80/323) were related to IPV, 61% (49/80) of these were penetrating injuries and the remaining 31 cases were blunt injuries. Of the 49 cases of penetrating injuries, 33 were gunshot wounds (GSWs) and 16 were stab wounds (SWs) (1 GSW and 2 SWs were self-inflicted and were not included in IPV). Those cases that resulted from IPV were significantly more likely to require operative intervention, experience complications and longer lengths of hospital stay. Geriatric patients had poorer outcomes than non-geriatric patients and rural geriatric patients had worse outcomes than urban geriatric patients. CONCLUSION: Although the burden of geriatric trauma in South Africa appears to be relatively low, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Trauma from interpersonal violence is especially common and is associated with significantly worse outcomes than that of non-interpersonal violence-related trauma. Elderly rural trauma victims have worse outcomes than their urban counterparts.

RESUMO: Andropogon lateralis Nees é uma gramínea nativa do sul do Brasil e uma das espécies mais frequentes na flora dos campos nativos da região. Possui ampla distribuição e alto grau de plasticidade fenotípica, tornando-o adaptável as condições edafoclimáticas e a práticas de desfolha. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a dissimilaridade entre doze ecótipos de A. lateralis N., coletados em diferentes regiões do Rio Grande do Sul, submetidos a duas frequências de desfolha e três alturas de corte. No período de setembro a fevereiro, os ecótipos foram avaliados quanto à produção de matéria seca total, de lâminas foliares e de colmo. Além disso, foram medidos o número de perfilhos totais, vegetativos e reprodutivos e a altura das plantas. Essas características são importantes para a seleção de genótipos superiores em termos de variabilidade genética e produção de forragem. A matéria seca total e a matéria seca foliar são características com importância agronômica e apresentaram a maior correlação (r = 0,77), possibilitando uma seleção indireta para uma dessas características. A seleção natural das plantas resultou em características estruturais, morfológicas e produtivas distintas com uma heterogeneidade que permite a seleção e agrupamento de acordo com as características, ecótipos com características agronômicas superiores podem ser incluídos em programas de melhoramento.

ABSTRACT: Andropogon lateralis Nees is a native grass of southern Brazil and is one of the most frequent specie found in native grasslands. The species is widely distributed and has a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, which makes it highly adaptable to different edaphoclimatic conditions and management. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of twelve ecotypes of A. lateralis, collected in different regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and cut to three different heights and subjected to two different defoliation frequencies. From September to February, the ecotypes were evaluated for total dry matter, leaf and stem yields. In addition, total, vegetative and reproductive tillers and plant height were measured. These characteristics are important for the selection of superior genotypes in terms of genetic variability and forage production. Total dry matter and leaf dry matter are characteristics with agronomic importance and they showed the highest correlation (r = 0.77), enabling an indirect selection for one of these characteristics. The natural selection of plants resulted in distinct structural, morphological and productive characteristics with heterogeneity that allows the selection and grouping according to the characteristics, ecotypes with superior agronomic characteristics can be included in breeding programs.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to describe morphology and grouping of Paspalum notatum accessions, based on multicategorical data which discards the redundant variables for quantification of genetic diversity. We also tested the hypothesis that geographical distance was correlated with morphological divergence. In our study, multivariate analyzes successfully demonstrated the geographic and morphological variability of the P. notatum accessions characterized. Many of these evaluated accessions can be included in future genetic improvement programs. Based on two methodologies for discarding variables, it was possible to identify the potentially important morphological characteristics from genetic diversity studies and characterize new accessions aimed at improving forage and seed production. The methodologies used to discard variables are biometric tools that can be used successfully in future plant breeding programs, especially when a large number of traits and accessions are being evaluated. Although significant, geographic distance had a low association with morphological traits. This indicated the need to use other characteristics, such as forage and seed yield, in addition to molecular analysis. Our analyzes showed genetic variability in P. notatum for all the characteristics studied.

RESUMO Este artigo discute inovação em jornalismo através de laboratórios experimentais denominados media labs, abordando motivações, processos e resultados relacionados a eles. A investigação é baseada em quatro anos de projetos de pesquisa colaborativos que mapearam 123 laboratórios na indústria, sociedade civil e academia em âmbito global, especialmente na América Latina, América do Norte e Europa. Os dados abrangem 45 entrevistas e 54 questionários com líderes de laboratório de 17 países, assim como 60 resultados de inovação, 30 deles mais estreitamente relacionados à mídia e ao jornalismo. Os principais quadros teóricos incorporam inovação aberta e constructos da pesquisa em inovação e gerenciamento de mídia. Os resultados indicam que media labs estão dentro ou próximo de organizações, produzindo projetos de forma sistemática e experimental como uma reação à disrupção digital. Em um contexto de escassez, eles catalisam a inovação combinando habilidades técnicas e criativas, desenvolvendo soluções além da inovação em narrativas.

ABSTRACT This paper discusses journalism innovation through experimental units known as “media labs”, addressing motivations, processes and outputs related to them. It is based on collaborative four-year research projects that mapped 123 labs within industry, civic society, and academia globally, with a focus on Latin America, North America and Europe. The data spans 45 interviews and 54 survey answers from lab leaders across 17 countries and covers 60 innovation outputs, with 30 closely related to media and journalism. The paper’s main theoretical frames incorporate open innovation and constructs from media innovation and media management. The results indicate that media labs are either within organisations or alongside them, producing projects systematically and experimentally as a reaction to digital disruption. Within an environment of scarcity, they catalyse innovation and combine technical and creative skills, unveiling solutions beyond new narratives or content-related innovations.

RESUMEN Este artículo analiza la Innovación en Periodismo a través de laboratorios experimentales denominados media labs, abordando motivaciones, procesos y resultados relacionados con ellos. La investigación se basa en cuatro años de proyectos de investigación colaborativa que mapearon 123 laboratorios en la industria, la sociedad civil y la academia a nivel mundial, especialmente en América Latina, América del Norte y Europa. Los datos comprenden 45 entrevistas y 54 cuestionarios con líderes de laboratorio de 17 países, así como 60 resultados de innovación, con especial atención a 30 de los cuales están más estrechamente relacionados con los medios y el periodismo. Los principales marcos teóricos incorporan la innovación abierta y los constructos de investigación en innovación y gestión de medios. Los resultados indican que los media labs están dentro o cerca de las organizaciones, produciendo proyectos de forma sistemática y experimental como reacción a la disrupción digital. En un contexto de escasez, catalizan la innovación combinando habilidades técnicas y creativas, desarrollando soluciones más allá de la innovación narrativa.

Background: Persistent and emerging public health challenges mean Pharmacy students require training in immunization services. Curtin University, Australia, integrated blended-delivery immunization training into the final-year Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons) and graduate-entry Master of Pharmacy curricula in 2019 and 2020, utilizing materials licenced from the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia. Objective: This study evaluated changes in students' attitude, confidence, self-perceived knowledge and self-perceived skills pre- and post-training delivered in 2020. Methods: Pre- and post-training questionnaires featured 42 opinion statements grouped under headings ‘Attitudes', ‘Confidence', ‘Self-Perceived Knowledge' and ‘Self-Perceived Skills', and answered using five-point Likert scales (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Completed pre- and post-training questionnaires were matched using respondent-generated codes. Data were subjected to descriptive and multivariate regression analysis to test pre-post changes and associations and changes in mean scores. Results: 128 (95.5%) and 132 (98.5%) students completed the pre- and post-training questionnaires, respectively. Immunization training resulted in significant (p<0.05) improvement in students' mean Confidence score (3.33 vs 3.96), Self-Perceived Knowledge score (3.08 vs 4.47) and Self-Perceived Skills score (2.81 vs 4.55). Improvement in students' mean Attitude score was also statistically significant (4.45 vs 4.61), yet more positively skewed pre-training. No significant pre-post differences were found between the Bachelor and Master students. Post-training, all respondents agreed that the training program increased their attitude, confidence, perceived knowledge and perceived skills, rating the training experience as either Excellent (91.6%) or Good (8.4%). Conclusions: Immunization training integrated into final-year BPharm (Hons) and MPharm curricula improved Attitudes, Confidence, Self-Perceived Knowledge and Self-Perceived Skills, all key to further role development in public health. This method is recommended to other Pharmacy schools to determine the impact and acceptability of immunization training programs amongst students.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para uma grande variedade de perspectivas teóricas e configurações empíricas para gerar evidências cumulativas sobre a influência de legados históricos e capacidade organizacional para gerenciar o passado. Continuando com a perspectiva crítica que desafia o domínio das epistemologias anglo-saxônicas nos estudos de gestão e organização, realizamos um estudo empírico sobre uma companhia aérea multinacional cujos sucessos passados dependiam das fronteiras norte/sul anglo-latino-americanas. Analisamos as grandes narrativas da Pan American Airways (PAA) a partir dos arquivos corporativos da empresa a fim de determinar quais os discursos dominantes acerca das pessoas da América Latina. Com base nos temas: política, economia e cultura, apresentamos três grandes narrativas, ou histórias oficiais, que sumariam os discursos da PAA acerca da América Latina entre 1927 e 1960. A partir do feminismo decolonial, buscamos recontextualizar o passado e o discurso hegemônico incorporado nas grandes narrativas do PAA.

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is contributing to a great variety of theoretical perspectives and empirical settings to generate cumulative evidence about the influence of historical legacies and organisational ability for managing the past. In a continuation of critical perspectives that challenges the dominance of Anglo-Saxon onto-epistemologies in management and organisation studies (MOS), we conducted an empirical study on a multinational airline company whose past successes depended on the North/South, Anglo/Latin American borderlands. We analysed the grand narratives of Pan American Airways' (PAA) corporate archival material to determine its dominant discourses about people from Latin America. Based on the three themes of politics, economics, and culture, we present three grand narratives, or official stories, that we argue summarise PAA storytelling about Latin America between 1927 and 1960. Following decolonial feminism, we aim to recontextualise the past and the hegemonic storytelling embedded in PAA's grand narratives.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a una gran variedad de perspectivas teóricas y escenarios empí ricos para generar evidencia acumulada sobre la influencia de los legados históricos y la capacidad organizativa para gestionar el pasado. Continuando con la perspectiva crítica que desafía el dominio de las epistemologías anglosajonas en los estudios de gestión y organizaciones, realizamos un estudio empírico sobre una aerolínea multinacional cuyos éxitos pasados dependieron de las fronteras Norte/ Sur; anglo-latinoamericanas. Analizamos las grandes narrativas del material de archivo corporativo de Pan American Airways (PAA) para establecer discursos dominantes sobre las personas de América Latina. Sobre la base de tres temas: política, economía y cultura, desarrollamos tres grandes narrativas o histo rias oficiales que argumentamos son un resumen de la narrativa de PAA sobre América Latina entre 1927 y 1960. Utilizando el marco teórico del feminismo decolonial, nuestro objetivo es recontextualizar el pasado y la narración hegemónica incrustada en las grandes narrativas de PAA.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate 94 Paspalum notatum genotypes over two growing seasons to estimate genetic dissimilarity through agronomic traits and the distance between genotypes. This information is used to create an ideotype from the best averages obtained for the set of characteristics evaluated. Seven apomitic, three sexual, and 81 hybrid genotypes were compared with native genotypes “André da Rocha”, “Bagual”, and cultivar “Pensacola” as controls. There is genetic variability in P. notatum for the studied characteristics, and distinct genotypes with superior characteristics can be used in new combinations between apomictic and sexual plants to obtain hybrids. The characters with the greatest relative contribution to the dissimilarity between the genotypes were tiller density, stem dry mass, and leaf dry mass yield. Thus, these characteristics are suitable criteria to infer genetic distance studies in P. notatum . The selection index based on the ideotype is an auxiliary tool in the breeding process. The ideotype must be based on characteristics of interest according to the objective of the breeding program, as well as on the breeder’s prior knowledge in relation to culture.

Resumo Introdução: A preservação da audição residual tem se tornado cada vez mais importante na cirurgia de implante coclear. Conservar a audição residual é um indicador prognóstico positivo para melhorar as habilidades auditivas. Objetivo: Avaliar a preservação da audição residual pós-implante coclear em um grupo de pacientes de dois grandes centros de implantes cocleares. Método: Foram adotados um paradigma quantitativo e uma pesquisa exploratória em um projeto retrospectivo de revisão de dados. A amostra consistiu de 50 registros cirúrgicos e 53 registros audiológicos de 60 observações (53 pacientes, sete dos quais foram implantados bilateralmente). Os registros foram selecionados com amostragem proposital e consistiram em registros de participantes de seis a 59 anos. Neste estudo, o tempo médio para audiogramas no pós-operatório foi de 24,7 meses (dp = ± 9,0). Os dados foram analisados através de estatísticas qualitativas e inferenciais, foi feita uma análise comparativa de resultados de testes audiológicos pré e pós-operatórios, sem auxílio de aparelho auditivo. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram uma alta taxa de sucesso, de 92%, de preservação da audição residual, metade da amostra dos implantados exibia preservação completa em todas as frequências no pós-operatório. Perda auditiva total em todas as frequências no pós-operatório foi observada em apenas 8% dos implantes cocleares. Não houve relação entre limiares auditivos pré-operatórios e preservação auditiva no pós-operatório. As duas principais técnicas cirúrgicas usadas no presente estudo foram contour on stylet e a técnica advance off-stylet e a maioria dos cirurgiões usou uma abordagem por cocleostomia. A partir dos achados, tornou-se evidente que a maioria dos casos não apresentou complicação intraoperatória. Esse é um indicador prognóstico positivo para a preservação da audição residual. Conclusão: Os achados sugerem melhoria dos resultados cirúrgicos do implante coclear quando comparados com estudos prévios, sugerem um progresso nas técnicas cirúrgicas. A habilidade cirúrgica e a experiência do cirurgião são evidenciadas pelas complicações intraoperatórias mínimas e pela alta taxa de sucesso de preservação auditiva. Esse é um indicador prognóstico positivo para indivíduos com audição residual pré-operatória, uma vez que a audição residual preservada possibilita o potencial de estimulação eletroacústica (EAS - do inglês Electric Acoustic Stimulation), que, por sua vez, tem benefícios auditivos próprios.

Abstract Introduction: The preservation of residual hearing is becoming increasingly important in cochlear implant surgery. Conserving residual hearing is a positive prognostic indicator for improved hearing abilities. Objective: The primary aim of the study was to explore the preservation of residual hearing following cochlear implantation in a group of recipients at two major cochlear implant centers. Methods: A quantitative paradigm was adopted and exploratory research conducted within a retrospective data review design. The sample consisted of 50 surgical records and 53 audiological records from 60 observations (53 patients, seven of whom were implanted bilaterally). The records were selected using purposive sampling and consisted of records from participants ranging from six to 59 years of age. The average time of when the postoperative audiograms were performed in the current study was 24.7 months (s.d. = ±9.0). Data were analyzed through both qualitative and inferential statistics and a comparative analysis of unaided pre- and postoperative audiological test results was conducted. Results: Results indicated a high success rate of 92% preservation of residual hearing with half of the sample exhibiting complete preservation in cochlear implant recipients across all frequencies postoperatively. A total postoperative hearing loss was found in only 8% of cochlear implantees across all frequencies. There was no relationship between preoperative hearing thresholds and preservation of hearing postoperatively. The two main surgical techniques used in the current study were the contour on stylet and the advance off-stylet techniques, with the majority of surgeons utilizing a cochleostomy approach. From the findings, it became apparent that the majority of cases did not have any reported intraoperative complications. This is a positive prognostic indicator for the preservation of residual hearing. Conclusion: Findings suggest improved cochlear implant surgical outcomes when compared to previous studies implying progress in surgical techniques. The surgical skill and experience of the surgeon are evidenced by the minimal intraoperative complications and the high success rate of hearing preservation. This is a positive prognostic indicator for individuals with preoperative residual hearing as the preserved residual hearing allows for the potential of electro-acoustic stimulation, which in turn has its own hearing benefits.